![]() The chapter also touches upon V-N mixed languages and F-R mixed languages. Perhaps the Native languages as spoken by. These languages combine the lexicon of one language with the grammatical system of another. Pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages are examples of how new languages develop over time through language contact. To the extent that one can speak of frequency in a class that only contains a few dozen languages, the Grammar-Lexicon type mixed languages is the most common. Mixed languages proper are rare among the world's languages, and certainly not all of them have been documented before they fell into disuse. The book concludes with a brief survey of language endangerment. The nature of creoles can illustrate how the structures of a lexifier are altered radically after the creolization process, and how lexical items are grammaticalized to create a full-fledged language. Pidgins and creoles are new languages that develop in language contact situations because of a need for communication among people who do not share a common language. She outlines the origins and results of contact-induced language change, extreme language mixture - which can produce pidgins, creoles, and bilingual mixed languages - and language death. Pidgin languages are lexically and grammatically reduced makeshift languages. ![]() After presenting a historical perspective on research on mixed languages, this chapter explores whether pidgins, creoles, and semicreoles are mixed languages or not, as opinions diverge on these languages. Structurally, they are as complex as Creoles. Mixed languages can be said to be the most extreme result of language contact. Examples include Bislama and Tok Pisin (in Melanesia) and Nigerian and Cameroon Pidgin English.
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